What’s Wrong with Dirac Sea’s Existence?

The attempts to incorporate the special relativity principle into quantum mechanics always leads to the solution of negative energy states pairing with positive energy states. Klein-Gordon's and Dirac equations are among those having such property.  However, physicists cannot afford to take on such energy's negativity as physical reality since they believe that it may lead to a catastrophic instability of the entire universe.

The root of the problem comes from the solution ambiguity of the relativistic expression for energy, E = ± (m²c⁴ + p²c²) ^½. In classical physics, one can straightforwardly keep the solution bearing positive values separated from that taking the negative ones.  In quantum mechanics, however, things become complicated. One should then deal with operators acting on complex functions, giving way two square roots of complex-number terms that do not tend to separate neatly into positive and negative in a globally consistent way ¹.

But this is what happens in reality. In the real world, those two opposite energies split only momentarily before they once again mingle together. This phenomenon repeats itself, making the 3-interface between those two energy oceans appear and disappear perpetually.

This interface, the 3-dimensional space we live in, seems to be something that evaporates completely as one moment passes and reappears as a completely different space as the next moment arrives ^two, which makes our universe incredibly dynamic.

Such as the beautiful translation of the mathematics formulation to the deeper workings of the physical universe may go beyond most people's wildest imaginations. Alas, even a prominent mathematical physicist such as Roger Penrose, has missed such insight. This continuous "catastrophic" instability that he was worrying so much is, in fact, the underlying reality of dynamic time. The energy's duality and polarity are the most fundamental of the relativity principles, the cosmos' prime mover, without which the world would remain sterile, timeless, and standstill.

When Dirac formulated his equation, being unable to get rid of the unwanted negative energy. He posited the presence of the sea of negative energy states, later known as the Dirac Sea. However, physicists are not comfortable with such a bold idea and reinterpret it as corresponding to antiparticles with positive energy.

Dirac, alas, didn't elaborate further about his energy sea, such as its location, how it came to be, etc. The answer is, in fact, relatively simple. The Dirac Sea must be present side by side with the sea of positive energy we refer to as anti-Dirac Sea (Figure-1). Both of them should be 4-dimensional conforming to the dimensionality of the spacetime they "occupy." The 3-dimensional interface naturally occurs between the two energy seas is nothing but the physical space we inhabit.

This kind of depiction greatly facilitates us in describing quantum fields, which so far seem to appear from nowhere, omnipresent, capable of creating and annihilating quantum particles. The interaction between the opposing energy potencies in Dirac and anti-Dirac seas giving rise to quantum fields, piercing through the 3-interface igniting quantum sparks ("quarks"), which appear and disappear perpetually on its surface (Figure-2).

Having elaborated that, we can now explain Fred Hoyle's C-field in a similar way. Hoyle hypothesized the existence of something similar to the Dirac Sea that continuously generates the fields. He further posited that the C-field had negative pressure and drove the expansion of the universe.  

Subsequently, within the context of the standard model, Peter Higgs introduced fields, which later bore his name, capable of stimulating particles to acquire mass. Alas, he was silent about the nature and origin of Higgs fields or the existence sort of negative energy sea.

Another fundamental relativity principle underlying any process of creation is the spontaneous symmetry breaking. A preexisting energy sea, later on, splits into positive and negative energy (Dirac anti-Dirac seas) as what they are now. However, that symmetry breaking doesn't take place all at once but gradually (Figure-3), giving us a perception that the universe is expanding. This hypothesis is evidence against that of the "quantum" primordial explosion of Big Bang theory.

References:

1.     Penrose, R.: ”The Road to Reality," Vintage Books, London, 2005, p. 615

2.     ibid, p. 387

What’s Wrong with Dirac Sea’s Existence?

The Quantum Reality Interpretation as It Should Be

Never physicists will be able to grip the reality as long as they rely on the current contradictory concepts of the macro and micro realm. The advent of quantum theory makes the picture of the micro world seem so outlandish that physicists give up describing its actual reality. They stick, instead, solely to mathematical formalism in place of the physical pictures of the reality. Physicists, on the other hand, are more confident with their picture of macroscopic reality as described in the relativity theory; at least that is what they think. However, they are wrong. The relativity theory wrongly takes the spacetime model of the primeval universe for the actual world. In the current [Minkowski] 4-dimensional spacetime model, physicists assume that the inextricable space and time dimensions are inherently dissimilar a). is where physicists fall into the pit. In an entirely unified state, space and time dimensions are equivalent. In such a state, the world is fully symmetric, continuous, isotropic and static. This static and eternal world is not the actual world which we are familiar with. In such a world, there was yet neither locality b) nor movement as there was no space for matter to exist, and no time for the matter to move. There was absolutely nothing; not even single matter existed but energy c). It was the primeval universe d), the embryo of the actual universe. So how and why space and time become so different as what they are now? In a cosmic scale, energy as a whole is geometrically manifested by its corresponding spacetime which dimensions reflex the degree of freedom of the energy as a whole. By itself, energy consists of two opposite parts, the positive and negative energy, which tend to segregate from each other turning the highly symmetric spacetime to become extremely unstable. As the positive and negative energy split gradually, a 3-dimensional [expanding] hypersurface (space) e) naturally takes place in between. We call such grand cosmic split phenomenon spontaneous symmetry breaking. Now here we come to a significant milestone that marks the beginning of time, the birth of the actual world. As the hypersurface came into being, the dimensions of the spacetime started to differentiate; those along its surface became spatial while normal to it became temporal. It is along this hypersurface that locality is taking place while the vast spacetime outside it non-locality reigns. It is precisely the elucidation related to Niel Bohr saying that the world around us is real, but it floats on a world that is not as real. The 3-dimensional localized hypersurface is the Bohr's real-world floating on the unreal vast non-localized 4-dimensional spacetime embedding the hypersurface. "There is no deep reality," was his confusing doctrine known as Copenhagen interpretation. The continuous interaction between the two opposing energies perpetually creates and annihilates the hypersurface (space) f) together with the quantum sparks (“quarks”) on its surface g). The reality in the deepest sense, therefore, consists of the alternating of brief existence and non-existence of the hypersurface. It is the Werner Heisenberg's duplex world which he defined as consisting of potentials and actualities, which we may correlate to the alternating real localized hypersurface and unreal non-localized "nothingness" h). What Walter Heitler meant by undivided wholeness was this non-localized world which alternately appears and disappears with the real localized hypersurface.  When the localized real hypersurface dissolves into the non-localized world, in a small fraction of second everything becomes entangled as undivided wholeness before the real world (hypersurface) reappears.  Hugh Everett interpreted this perpetual alternation of brief existence and non-existence of the hypersurface as there are out there "many worlds."   The gross sum of the alternating contribution of the world of potentials and actualities is described mathematically by the wavefunction. As the quantum observation can only gauge and record the world of actualities and not the complete series of potentials and actualities, it gives a perception as though the act of observation makes the wavefunction collapse and the real world emerge. It is another misleading Copenhagen interpretation which states that the reality is created by observation. However, it is not all. The 4-dimensional spacetime which embeds the 3-dimensional hypersurface we live in is not unique. The spontaneous symmetry breaking did not happen only once but in series from the highest dimensional spacetime down to the lowest 3-dimensional hypersurface.  As such, there exist out there a grand cosmos consisting of our world in the "center" embedded consecutively within higher and higher dimensional ambient spacetimes up to "infinite" i). The 10-dimensional world has a special place in the grand cosmos as its dimensions allow the 4-dimensional world to have a full degree of freedoms. This theory which we call the grand relativity theory will positively impact profoundly on human thinking about reality. For centuries people wrongly believing that the tiniest particles in nature are permanent, which is not the case. A grand paradigm shift is required.  A bunch of matter which we think will turn into  persistent and permanent fundamental particles in case we continually divided it into smaller and smaller parts, are in fact ephemeral, hardly existing, appearing and disappearing perpetually to and fro energy at the pace equal to the speed of light, a weird picture which is far from what most people imagine.   Notes: a.    Einstein gave vicious circle reasoning: "... the non-divisibility of the 4-dimensional continuum of events doesn't at all, however, involve the equivalence of the space coordinates with the time coordinate. On the contrary, we must remember that the time coordinate is defined physically wholly differently from the space coordinates." b.  At that time, space and time were not yet differentiated, and the locality did not have any meaning. The world was still in the state of entangled as an undivided wholeness where non-locality prevailed. c.      It is more appropriate to refer to it as action, the union of energy and time, Et. d.     The ancients seemed to be aware of the existence of such a primordial world which they called cosmic egg where chaos prevailed. e.     Physicists consider this phenomenon is wrongly interpreted as Big Bang, a primeval explosion that marked the beginning of the expanding universe. f.      We use the 3-dimensional space, hypersurface or hyperinterface interchangeably. g.   The interplay of the positive and negative energy at the opposite sides of the hypersurface creates quantum fields across through its surface igniting quantum sparks ("quarks") which we perceive as fundamental particles. h.  Just like a roll film of the movie consisting of a series of pictures separated by gaps of "nothingness," the reality consists of the real localized world (hypersurface) and the potential non-localized world of nothingness. i.    The gross sum of a composite spectrum of higher dimensional energies (eons) which can be expressed mathematically as the Laurent series and holomorphically mapped as Riemann sphere indicates that the dimensions of the outer ambient spacetime is limited and cannot be infinite. References: 1.     Einstein, A.:" The Meaning of Relativity," Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, 1988, p. 31. 2.     Penrose, R.:" The Road to Reality," Vintage Books, London, 2004, p. 387. 3.     Herbert, N.:" Quantum Reality," Anchor Book, Doubleday, New York, 1985.

The Quantum Reality Interpretation as It Should Be