Quantum Entanglement and the Perpetual Creation and Annihilation

One of the realities that the physicists hard to accept is the existence of negative energy. Negative energy states are unwanted in quantum mechanics because their presence leading to catastrophic instabilities.

However, when Dirac finally became convinced that the negative frequency solutions could not be mathematically eliminated from his equation, he put forward the existence of the negative energy ocean.  

Surprisingly, nobody took seriously about the physical geometry of this Dirac sea and its relation with its counterpart, the positive energy (anti-Dirac?) sea. The physicists are silent about this may be because they are not convinced about the physical existence of such negative energy sea and consider it as just a mathematical stop-gap.

We have to take seriously Dirac proposal as truly physical where those [four-dimensional] opposite energy seas are present side by side separated by an [three-dimensional] interface. The latter, the 3-hypersurface, is our physical space beautifully located between the positive and negative energy oceans.

This proposition conforms to the relativistic expression for the energy E² = m²c⁴ + p²c². However, in quantum mechanics, as the quantum wavefunctions are complex, the square roots of a complex number expression do not tend to separate neatly into positive and negative in a globally consistently way¹⁾. It means that the positive values cannot be clearly kept separately from the negative ones.

From this pure mathematical reason alone we may deduce that the physical separation (the 3-space) located between the two opposite oceans of energy cannot persistently exist in the sense that it perpetually appears and disappears.

Now as the consequence of this space’s perpetual creation and annihilation, there are a series of brief existences separated by a brief gap of non-existence. In the state of non-existence, everything dissolves into energy, space and time have no meaning. 


The state of non-existence represents an undivided wholeness and an implicate order, from which arose the explicate order of the universe as a new existence takes place afterward. In the implicate order, there is neither locality, division or individuality; all become united and entangled.


In an implicate order there is no distance that separates things as there are no such individual things. The undivided whole implies as though everything takes place simultaneously.


As the matter is the projection from the underlying reality of the implicate order into the explicate order, it seems as though they come into being at random and probabilistic. The interconnections between two different particles separated by long distances seem to send the information faster than the speed of light.

When the newly created space takes place the quantum particles come to existence as a single holistic unit and become entangled to each other, all seem to happen simultaneously. Since two simultaneous events could have a very long distance to each other, this leads to the perception as though the information could be transmitted at the speed faster than that of light. 

The entanglement state in the non-existence realm can explain that apparent paradox. This is the underlying reality behind the EPR experiment conundrum which physicists have so far.     

Quantum Entanglement and the Perpetual Creation and Annihilation

Why the Grand Relativity Theory? (Part IV)

Our world is only shadows, mere projections from the reality beyond our ordinary space and time. Despite its apparent materiality and enormous size, the [3D]-space and its contents do not exist of itself. With its material contents, space perpetually appears and disappears at the rate equal to the speed of light, creating a dynamic dimension that we call time.

The world around us seems to persist because nobody can see the discontinuity of time, which interval is in the order of 10^-44 seconds. What we recognize as the passage of time is nothing but the manifestation of the creation and annihilation of series of 10⁴⁴ 3D-space in a second ^a). Space is a series of spaces, one to the next, separated by a gap of nonexistence.

Within such a gap of nonexistence ^b), the locality no longer has any meaning. It manifests the undivided wholeness in which all become united and entangled. At such non-locality, the speed limit does not have any sense as no matter, and even light exists, only energy does.  

The nonexistence is far from being a vacuum state. It is a plenum full of energy, the ground for all existence, inanimate and animate beings. The matter is merely an ephemeral derivative of energy perpetually created and annihilated under the interaction of the opposite positive and negative energy ^c).

The sequence locality and non-locality (Figure-1) taking place in a series at the rate equal to the speed of light fashions the passage of time. As the quantum measurement can only take the snapshot of the existence and not the whole series of the existence-nonexistence, it gives us perception as though the act of measurement collapses the wavefunction ^d).

The successive transformation of the local and nonlocal orders is, therefore, not in point-to-point correspondence. It is the underlying probabilistic feature of quantum mechanics against the classical deterministic mechanism.

In a grander picture of the cosmos, this dynamic, temporary space is like a front-wave propagating at the speed of light across an unimaginably vast ocean of high energy (Figure-2). This front-wave perpetually rises and dissipates above and below the level of the surface of the sea.

In Bohm’s notion, this dynamic phenomenon is called the unfoldment of the implicate order and enfoldment of the explicate order ^e), like what implies in the hologram ^f). According to Bohm ¹, the universe is like a kind of sizeable dynamic hologram or holo-movement.

It is only at this wave structure (unfolded order) that every materialized thing is localized. In this front-wave, the universe where we live, the local order implies. It is what we call the present time, its surrounding surface, and the vast ocean beneath it, is nonlocal (enfolded order) ^g).

                                  

This super-implicate order is the foundation that has given birth to everything in our universe. This infinite sea of energy must contain every configuration of created matter, energy, and more sophisticated forms of energy, i.e., information (knowledge), consciousness, intelligence, and life ^h). We may visualize those as multilayer grand cosmos, each layer representing an individual universe is embedded one within another, in successively higher and higher dimensions (Figure-3) ⁱ⁾.

What the fantastic thing is that the working of the universe seems to conform to that of the human brain. Karl Pribram ^2, a neurophysiologist at Stanford University, discovered the brain works under the hologram mechanism ^j). He concluded that if the brain works following the holographic model, then so does the universe.

The world around us was just an illusion. The universe and everything within existing only in a series of a fraction of seconds successively separated by gaps of nonexistence. Notwithstanding, as both the brain and cosmos work at the same mechanism and rhythm, we the human being feel at home as we are unaware of experiencing such weird underlying reality.

This grand relativity theory is the theory of everything in its proper meaning.

[The end of the series]

Notes: 

a. There is no such [material] thing that persists in nature. Everything "within" space perpetually appears and disappears "through" time, except the energy which alone continues. The persistence of matter and space is just an illusion.

b.  In the state of nonexistence, everything dissolves into energy. As such, space and time have no meaning; the nonlocal order implies.

c.  Energy as everything else in nature is the blending of its opposing parts, the positive and negative energies as implicitly expressed in the relativistic energy equation E²=m²c⁴+p²c². The 4D-spacetime is split into two sections as the positive and negative energies globally segregating from each other. The interface of opposing energies is the 3D-hypersurface (3D-space) on which their interactions create particles. This interaction occurs as the quantum fields generated by the opposite energies piercing through the interface igniting quantum sparks ("quarks") we perceive as particles.

d.    The wavefunction describes the gross sum of the manifestation of local-nonlocal orders mathematically. All the laws of motion in quantum mechanics correspond to enfoldment and unfoldment. Bohm put forward that the propagator (Green's function) determines the relation between the wavefunction at one time and its form at another time.

e.  Our current concepts of order, which have lasted for centuries, are based on Descartes's ideas, who introduced coordinate systems to describe the order in the physical process. The Cartesian grid and those of curvilinear coordinates essentially described a local order of separate points. However, the quantum realm doesn't take this kind of local order and seems to have no significant order which Bohm called implicit or enfolded order. This kind of nonlocal order is what hologram does have.

f.  The enfolded order which applies within such a nonlocal unbroken wholeness is what David Bohm called the implicate order, taking the analogy of the "order" produced in a hologram where each of its regions makes possible an image of the whole object. Rather than being in point-to-point correspondence, the entire object is enfolded in each part of the universe. Our classical notions of localized order imply in spacetime arise as limiting cases of the deeper implicate order. The manifest level of everyday experience and the quantum level underlying it emerges from a still deeper implicate level in which the classical Cartesian notions of form, order, and structure have more or less dissolved. Bohm believed that the implicate order would be more suitable for expressing the fundamental laws of nature than the explicate order, which is only a particular case of the general rule.

g.  Bohm described the universe as a comparatively small pattern of excitation. It is a ripple on the infinite ocean of energy, which is a deeper order enfolded in the warp of reality. Bohm failed to elucidate his idea more explicitly by describing geometrically i.e., the relative number of dimensions of the ripple vis-a-vis that of the ocean of energy. People blame his description of the universe in terms of implicate and explicate order to be merely a metaphor.

h. We may call all of the later (information, consciousness, intelligence, and life) energy but in different degrees of sophistication (dimensions). Nothingness in the sense of an absolute term in which it is devoid of matter and energy or anything else, emptiness, vacuum, absolute nonexistence, or whatever you call it is just pure human imagination.

i.  The dimensions shown in the figure are relative. We should bear in mind that each of those individuals (energy, information, consciousness, intelligence, and life) may have different levels of existence and, those, the variety of their dimensions.

j.   He found that memories do not localize at specific brain side but somehow spread out throughout the brain. Every part of the brain contains all the information necessary to recall a whole memory, just like the hologram of which every small fragment of a piece of holographic film contains all the information recorded on the whole.

References: 

1.     Bohm, D. et al.: "The Undivided Universe," Routledge, London, 1993, p. 374-380. 

2.     Talbot, M.: "The Holographic Universe," HarperPerennial, New York, 1992, p. 46-49

3.      Bohm, D. et al.: "The Undivided Universe," Routledge, London, 1993, p. 350-355.

Why the Grand Relativity Theory? (Part IV)

Ephemeral Fundamental Particles

We are used to perceiving matter as a tangible thing, however small it is. We believe that when we divide a chunk of matter into its smaller parts we will eventually unable to divide them any further. The classical reason for this is because they have no more internal structure to be split.

We have taken for granted that the smallest particle is persistent, continuously at rest or moving around in space, just like an ordinary billiard ball. This continuity and deterministic features of nature hold not only as the foundation of the classical but the relativity theory as well.

The quantum theory which mostly deducted from experiments holds the contrary. To take into account this paradox, we put forward a new paradigm: “when we divide a chunk of matter into its smaller parts we will eventually unable to divide them any further because they are so small and extremely unstable that they immediately disappear into "thin air".

The smallest part of matter, the fundamental particle" is ephemeral. The persistence of a particle in the macro realm is nothing but the appearance of the perpetual creation and annihilation of fundamental particles. In the deepest level of reality (Planck distance) matter is created and annihilated to and fro energy, in accordance with the famous Einstein’s equation E = mc2. This is the underlying reality of the discontinuity and probabilistic features of the quantum realm.

The Energy and its Polarity

The special relativity theory concerns the fundamentals namely space, time, energy, and matter which basic nature has puzzled people for thousands of years. The special relativity theory has classified and unified those fundamentals into two distinct entities: the spacetime and energy. The space and time have been unified into a four-dimensional entity called the spacetime while the energy and matter into a single energy substance from which matter is derived, as expressed in the equation E = mc2.

And the special relativity theory ends here. People presume that the spacetime is like a container and energy something that fills it. This may lead to the misconception that the spacetime could be empty devoid of energy. Once again a new paradigm shift is called for:” The spacetime and energy are inseparable just as the spherical form and water substance in a water drop to be. The spacetime is just the geometrical aspect of energy. Contrary to what Minkowski presumed, spacetime does have no existence on its own.

Now, here we have energy as the one and only independent reality in nature from which everything else is derived. It is primordial; neither can be destroyed nor created, the only existence in nature. Another important aspect of energy is its dimensions. The spacetime’s dimensions are just the reflection of the degree of freedom and the potency of energy. The higher the energy potency the bigger the number of the spacetime’s dimensions to be. This is the fact behind the existence of higher dimensional worlds which some physical theories have revealed. Under the special relativity theory, as the spacetime is four-dimensional the energy is four-dimensional accordingly.

Another important principle that the special relativity theory reveals is polarity energy. The energy as a whole consists of positive and negative energies as expressed in the relativity energy equation E2 = m2c4+p2c2. Surprisingly, nobody has paid enough attention to this energy polarity, which in reality is the basic prerequisite of the creation of the universe.

Creation by Separation

The energy as a whole tends to separate into its positive and negative components. As they segregate from each other, a hyper-interface is created in between the two; analogous to the interface between oil and water that we can observe in our daily life. As the energy and its opposite substances are 4-dimensional, this hyper-interface is 3-dimensional (space).

How do the two opposite energies split? The split does not take place instantaneously across the whole spacetime, but gradually stretching out across the spacetime just like a crack propagating in the middle of a glass sphere. This represents the expanding universe as an alternative against the Big-Bang theory. The repulsive force of the opposite energies that stretches out the 3-interface (space) is the external energy that we call the dark energy.

Probabilistic and Non-Locality Features of Nature

The interplay between the positive and negative energies gives rise to quantum fields piercing through and igniting quantum-sparks (“quarks”) at the 3-interface analogous to the pixels appearing and disappearing at a gigantic plasma TV screen. This is the deepest reality of fundamental particles.

Quanta are created and annihilated to and fro the energy in accordance with the energy equation E=mc2. There is no persistent fundamental particle exists in nature. What we perceive as a persistent particle in the macro realm is, in reality, the appearance of a series of different particles subsequently created and annihilated one after another. It is analogous to the flame of a candle which is never the same and always being different entities at any instant.

This is the underlying reality of the discontinuity and probabilistic features of quantum mechanics. Another important feature, the non-locality, is nothing but the manifestation of the perpetual particles’ creations which are taking place simultaneously.

References:

Herbert, Nick:" Quantum Reality," Anchor Books, New York, 1985

Ridley B.K.: "Time, Space and Things," Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2002

LINKS:

Multidimensional worlds:http://multidimensionalworlds.com/

Ephemeral Fundamental Particles