Everybody knows about energy but
rarely is aware of its true nature. People used to regard energy as something
abstract, the same way as they do for the power, force or its kinds. What they
concern most about energy is its function, not its reality. We learn from the
school that energy is a mathematical abstraction that has no existence apart
from its functional relationship to other variables or coordinates that do have
a physical interpretation and which can be measured1.
The
kinetic energy of a given mass has no other reality than as a function of its
velocity. We know the potential energy from its position and the rest energy
from its mass. What people know about energy is only superficial. They only see
ripples moving across the surface of the ocean, not the water beneath. As we
will see the energy is not at all an abstract thing. On the contrary, it is the
only real substance from which everything is derived. Energy is omnipresence;
eternal (in relativity term), neither can be created nor destroyed.
Energy and Its Bodily
Form
From the relativity
theory, if it is adequately understood, we can know the true nature of energy.
Einstein's equation E = mc2 [and the energy conservation] pointed
out that matter was nothing but a different aspect of energy. The relativity
also unified other fundamentals, i.e. the space and time into a single entity
called spacetime. The relativity, therefore, reduces the fundamentals in two
namely the spacetime and energy.
Einstein ingeniously connected the two through the influence of
energy on the spacetime resulting in the curvature of the latter. From this
idea, he revealed the nature of gravity. It was a success story, but that was
not enough. What Einstein supposed to do was taking a little step further
unifying the spacetime and energy.
What Einstein failed to grasp was a fundamental [metaphysical]
principle: a substance does not come into existence without its bodily form.
Nature abhors nudity. Just like the
three-dimensional spherical structure is the bodily form of water in a drop of
water, the [four-dimensional] spacetime is the bodily form for the energy.
There is no energy
without spacetime and no spacetime devoid of energy. Science fails to recognize
this very nature of energy because
physicists are more familiar with the energy's manifestation on the surface,
not the underlying energy. Energy in its actual reality is more like an
[four-dimensional] ocean of energy. As a three-dimensional being, we can only
perceive the manifestation of energy on a three-dimensional hypersurface
(space) a) in the form of fields and forces.
The spacetime is nothing but the structural quality of energy.
The dimensionality of the spacetime is not its intrinsic property but the
manifestation of the energy's degree of freedom. The higher the energy's
potency is, the higher its spacetime's dimensions are. There should be a broad
spectrum of energies of different potencies exist out there in nature, as
indicated by the discovery of theoretical higher dimensional spacetimes in some
more recent theories.
Another energy's
feature, which physicists seem to be reluctant to deal with, is its opposing
components which are revealed by the relativistic energy equation E2 =
m2c4 + p2c2. As we will see,
these two opposite energies, the positive and negative, play an essential role
in the creation of material things and space.
Multidimensional Time
The physicists seem to have been forced to deal more and more
with higher dimensional spaces. Kaluza and Klein were the first who believed
that the gravity and the electromagnetic waves put together could be adequately
described if the spacetime had five dimensions instead of the standard four.
Under the superstring theory, physicists even proposed higher dimensions: ten
and more recently eleven.
As did Kaluza and
Klein, physicists presumed that all the extra-dimensions beyond the fourth
curled into tiny, undetectable loops. This idea has brought us into many
bizarre things such as doughnut-like and Calabi-Yau spaces2 which
give us a hundred thousand possible solutions. One should have used Oscam razor
to cut off those ugly curly dimensions long time ago and put back more elegant
extended extra-dimensions in their places.
We cannot perceive the extra-dimensions because they are time
dimensions. The term spacetime given to the unification of the space and time
is misleading. The term gives us the impression that such a union has already
different space and time dimensions since the beginning. On the contrary, in
its originality the dimensions of the spacetime were equivalent. The union of
the space and time at that stage is more like four-dimensional time (its
dimensions were time-like). The time
dimensions were not yet divided. Neither space nor "Now" was there,
nor was a material thing and even light. It was in total darkness and chaos.
At this condition, we
better name the union of space and time 'eon,' the "eternity"
(Figure-1a). It was only when the opposing energies had segregated from each
other (the spacetime split in two) that we can call it spacetime
(Figure-1b). As the energies separated, an interface (space) naturally
appeared. As such, the [time] dimensions along the interface were transformed
to become spatial.
The physicists totally
missed this scenario and jumped instead using the undivided whole spacetime for
representing the real worlds. The following statement reflects Einstein's
standpoint3:” The non-divisibility of the four-dimensional
continuum of events does not at all, however, involve the equivalence of the
space coordinates with the time coordinate. On the contrary, we must remember
that the time coordinate is defined physically wholly differently from the
space coordinates". This kind of vicious-circle thinking has brought
us to the troubles that we have now in physics.
Grand Relativity
Theory
In order to preserve
causality and order, physicists have been forced to assign
"artificial" light cones, as the fundamental structure, at every
point within the spacetime. Within such a world, the simultaneity of Nows, even
for two neighboring events, is totally beyond the grasp of the system. Einstein was worried so much about this, as
his friend Rudolph Carnap recounted 4:” Einstein said the
problem of the Now worried him seriously …
That the science cannot grasp the
experience of Now seemed to him a matter of painful. So he concluded that there
is something essential about the Now which is just outside the realm of
science”.
The reason why
physicists denied the existence of [universal] "now" is because it
was against the principle of the relativity of simultaneity. We can avoid this
dilemma if we are considering it under a multidimensional time framework.
Events which happen non-simultaneously in a particular time dimension could be
simultaneous in another higher dimensional time. We can always find a higher
time dimension in which events happen simultaneously (flat hypersurface)
whereas they were not so in a lower time dimension (Figure-2).
For example, a ten-dimensional spacetime can be equally
described as a three-dimensional space having seven-time dimensions or as
nine-dimensional spacetime having one-time dimension. The former has its
physical law broken into many while the latter has less. We can always try to
explore a higher and higher dimensional spacetime until we get one unified law.
The spatial and time dimensions are transformable to each other
depending on how we regard the spacetime as a system. Whether we consider the
system as a lower dimensional hypersurface having many time dimensions or as a
higher dimensional hypersurface having one temporal dimension, the physical
laws remain the same. We can only unify of physical laws can only be done at
such a higher dimensional [flat] hypersurface (spacetime) where all events are
taking place simultaneously. We may call this postulate the grand relativity
principle.
Ghostly Rotating
Universe
Under the general
relativity theory, the arrangement of light cones can be quite irregular rather
than uniform. In an extreme situation, they may form closed time-like curves.
Penrose5 ruled this situation out as simply unphysical as it
violates causality. However, his worry was unfounded. The two opposing energies
do not create matters [and space] permanently but perpetually create and
annihilate those particles. Particles
are created and annihilated perpetually at the pace equal to the speed of light
as expressed by E = mc2 or dynamically by E2 =
m2c4 + p2c2 b).
The interactions between the two energies are manifested as a flux of
[four-dimensional] electrical currents (Higgs fields?) across through the
surface generating quantum sparks (“quarks”) at the surface, analogous to the
flashing pixels appear and disappear on a giant TV screen.
As the two energies
are repulsive, they are "flowing" in the opposite directions to each
other, forcing the surface rotates around an axis lying on its plane (Figure
3a). The electric currents which flow across through the surface induce
[three-dimensional] magnetic fields which propagate traversing the
surface. It makes the surface rotate
following the right-hand rule, around an axis perpendicular to the surface (Figure
3b). This rotation causes circular movements of heavenly bodies i.e., the solar
system, galaxies, super-galaxies and spin of both macroscopic bodies and
quantum particles.
The interface, the
boundary which separates the two energies, is volatile c) like a
mirage having virtual existence. The constant interactions of the two energies
make the existence of the interface seem persistent. Penrose was very close to
this idea when he discussed the Galilean relativity. However, he considered
this idea as unphysical 6):” It may seem alarming that our
very notion of physical space seems to be of something that evaporates
completely as one moment passes, and reappears as a completely different space
as the next moment arrives."
What he stated was, in
fact, correct except that space does not appear and disappear in time but, on
the contrary, it is the appearance and disappearance of the space which creates
time passage. Had he done otherwise, he
would lead us on the right track to reality.
The separation of the spacetime does not take place
instantaneously but gradually. The "area" of the separation is
stretching out across the spacetime just like a big crack propagates in a solid
body. The former represents a static universe while the latter represents the
expanding universe (Figure-4). It is the underlying reality of the expanding
universe as against the Big Bang theory.
Notes:
a) We use the notations of space, hypersurface, and
hyper-interface, or surface and interface interchangeably.
b) At the quantum level these equations are completely reversible
c) The relativistic expression (m2c4 + p2c2)
involves complex numbers so that there is no clear cut separation (interface)
between those two separated energies, in the sense that the interface appears
only instantly and disappears immediately after.
References:
1. Abbott and Ness, V.:
Thermodynamics”, Schaum’s Outline Series, Mc Graw-Hill, New York, 1967, p. 1
2.
Greene, B.: "The
Elegant Universe," Vintage Books, New York, 2003, p. 207-208.
3. Einstein, A.:
"The Meaning of Relativity," Fifth Edition, Princeton Science
Library, New Jersey, 1988, p. 31
4.
Barbour, J.:" The
End of Time," Phoenix, Second Impression, London, 2001, p. 14
5.
Penrose, R.:" The
Road to Reality," Vintage Books, London, 2004, p. 408-409.
6.
Ibid, p. 387
Energy Reality and the Creation of the Universe
