The Grand Postulates

After more than 100 years of the relativity and quantum theories establishment, physicists are still unsure about the nature of the world we live in. One of the big pictures that mainstream physicists have adopted is the expanding 4-dimensional world surrounded by nothingness. Anything beyond that configuration such as 10-dimensional environment put forward by the superstring theory, for example, is considered as unphysical except that the extra-dimensions are assumed to curl up into tiny loops leaving the 4-dimensionality of the spacetime intact.

The grand relativity theory that we try to establish, on the other hand, takes into account the whole grand cosmos realm consisting of “concentric” quantum worlds, each of which is successively embedded and rotating within the other from the smallest dimensional world to the highest dimensional one (could be close to infinite) that nature imposes as a limit. The grand cosmos is like gigantic quantum clockwork in which each rotating wheel perpetually appears and disappears at different rhythms from one to the other.

The building blocks of such grand cosmos from the smallest to the highest world successively are [3-dimensional] energy (E), 4-dimensional energy or action (Et₁), 5-dimensional higher energy (Et₁t₂) and so on. … up to n-dimensional highest energy (Et₁t₂ … t_n), where t₁, t₂ … t_n are the respective time of the individual world.

The following are the postulates that the Grand Relativity Theory heavily depends upon:

Postulate 1: The eon, the ocean of action, is the primordial substance of which the spacetime is its geometrical aspect.

The turn of the 20th century was marked by Max Planck accidental discovery revealing the reality that nobody was aware. The discovery is far-reaching; in a nutshell, the world is nothing but made up of action, by action, and for action to be manifested.

The world is not made up of fundamental "solid" particles, as most people think since they are in verity ephemeral. The right unyielding building blocks of the universe are the 4-dimensional quanta of action ^a), discrete union of energy and time (Et), known as Planck's constant (h). The world may be depicted as a sort of vast 4-dimensional ocean in which the quanta are its 4-dimensional tiny water molecules.

It is precisely the argument that Wilhelm Ostwald, the leader of the energeticists, should possess to counter his fierce opponents, the materialists. Ostwald (1891) developed a monistic energetics that granted the status of reality only to energy. For him, matter no longer constituted an independent reality but became a mere energy derivative.

The aforementioned configuration of the world is complete when one puts the Minkowski discovery in the whole picture in which the 4-dimensional spacetime, the union of space and time geometrizes the vast ocean of energy (action). The discoveries of Planck (1900) and Minkowski (1908) revealed two different aspects of the same reality: the ocean of action as the real primeval substance and the spacetime as the geometrical aspect of the ocean.

For the sake of giving a better perception of its tangibility, we coin this ocean of action, "eon", a traditional term for timeless undifferentiated epoch ^b).

Postulate 2: The duality of eon gradually differentiates space and time and makes the hypersurface expanding.

In the relativist world, there is virtually no creation but separation. Nature tends to break down the unity into duality, and duality into plurality ^c). Albeit of its apparent unity, the eon is no exception. It bears duality which tends to split itself into the opposites - its positive and negative parts ^d).

Intrinsically the eon is homogeneous and isotropic reflected by the symmetry of its related spacetime.  As such, the spacetime's dimensions are completely equivalent ^e). There is yet no differentiation between temporal and spatial dimensions, not mention the existence of matter. We may refer to such a world as a first order, the transcendent reality. The mainstream physicists misinterpret this [unsplit] world as the real world, leading to the crisis that the physics now bears.

Once the duality comes into actuality, the eon gradually segregates into its positive and negative parts. This kind of incident is coined as spontaneous symmetry breaking. We may refer to such a world of separation as a secondary order, the immanent reality. This act of separation naturally creates in between the opposites a hypersurface ^f) of one dimension lower than that of the ambient spacetime.  The gradual segregation of the opposing eons enlarges the area of the hypersurface, the phenomenon that makes our universe expanding ^g).

Across through the hypersurface, the eon (Et) splits into a 3-dimensional "surface" energy (E) and time (t), the latter is reflected as a temporal dimension which direction is normal to the hypersurface. The surface energy ^h), a sort of 3-dimensional “interfacial tension” which makes the hypersurface tenser and keeps it from tearing apart is intimately related to what we know as gravitational constant (G). The dimensions along the hypersurface which are more tangible than those normal to it are classified as spatial dimensions ⁱ⁾.

The hypersurface may be curved locally or globally depending on the distribution of energy and matter therein as what the general relativity theory asserts.

Postulate 3: Time is the manifestation of the appearance and disappearance of the hypersurface.

The hypersurface as a real entity has non-zero thickness but extremely small to the extent that below, everything will disappear into thin air.  The lower limit that nature allows is the Planck distance of 10^-33 cm equivalent to the Planck time, 10^-44 second ^j). At around this particular thickness, however, the hypersurface is extremely unstable and barely exists, it perpetually appears and disappears to and fro energy ^k).

This hypersurface's thickness represents what we experience as the duration of the [microscopic] now. It is the perpetual presence and absence of the space that makes up time. When space disappears the now becoming the past, when reappears the future becoming the now.

As such, the time travel that some physicists believe on is just wishful thinking. There is absolutely no need for the natural chronological protection that Stephen Hawking vaguely talked about.

Postulate 4: The interplay of the opposing eons across through the hypersurface generates [ephemeral] matter.

The interaction of the two opposing eons generates quantum fields that go through the hypersurface which in turn generating quantum sparks (matters) on it which perpetually appear and disappear together with the hypersurface at the pace equal to the speed of light (c). The sparks which appear at the surface facing the positive eon (the past side) are matters while those facing the negative eon (the future side) antimatters.

Matter and [3-dimensional] energy as we used to know are superficial, a mere projection of higher dimensional eons onto our [three-dimensional] world. The space and matter in one moment are never the same things as one moment before or after. The abode of a quantum object is the whole universe; it might be everywhere and not necessarily stays at or close to its former location. It is the underlying reality that makes the quantum realm seem so bizarre.

The continuity of the passage of time we see in nature is not as what it seems to be. The series of hypersurface is like series of snapshot pictures put on a film, each of which is separated from one to another by a gap of non-existence, rolled up at the speed of light, the maximum speed that nature allows, to make sort of large motion picture.

Postulate 5: The brief existence and non-existence of the hypersurface create locality and nonlocality orders.

The cosmos is made up by a series of existence and nonexistence alternately taking place at the rhythm equal to the speed of light. The appearance of the space together with everything it contains is what we call the present time, in which the locality order prevails. Its disappearance promptly follows it into nonexistence which we call the past. In this gap of nonexistence, all become united and entangled in which the non-locality implies.

The perpetual creation and annihilation fashions alternately the locality and non-locality orders ^l). The gross sum of the alternating contribution of local-nonlocal order is mathematically described by the wavefunction. As the quantum measurement can only gauge the local order and not the complete series of local-nonlocal orders, it gives us a perception as though the act of measurement collapses the wavefunction.

Postulate 6: The dynamic movements of the opposing eons make space rotate in various directions.

There are several possible rotations of the hypersurface along different axis driven by the opposite movements of the eons at either sides of the hypersurface. The rotation of the hypersurface about the axis lying along the surface determines the direction of time. The other kind of hypersurface's rotation about the axis normal to its surface causes everything within rotates accordingly, from the smallest quantum objects up to the large objects such as solar system, galaxies, cluster of galaxies, and so on.

Postulate 7:  Aeons do exist in different degrees of potencies reflected by Spacetime’s different number of dimensions.

In deeper reality, eon is more tangible than people think, if not having a higher degree of existence.  Aeon is, in reality, a sort of ocean of higher energy in which human are like fishes swimming around but unaware about the water they immerse. The degree of freedom that the fishes enjoy reflected by the ocean's dimensions shows the grandeur of the ocean. Analogously, the eon's potency is reflected by the dimensions of its related spacetime.

Modern theories show that the world may have a high number of dimensions; thus, the existence of eons of various dimensions and potencies. In the grander cosmic level, eon as a whole constitutes a broad spectrum of different degrees of potencies which are reflected by the dimensions of its related spacetime.

The ensemble of those worlds, the grand cosmos, can be described in term of their respective positive and negative (frequency) eons. At the lowest level, we have 3-dimensional [surface] energy (E). At higher levels, we have successively 4-dimensional eon (Et₁), 5-dimensional eon (Et₁)t₂, 6-dimensional eon (Et₁t₂)t₃ and so on, which ultimately we have n-dimensional eon (Et₁t₂t₃ … t_n-1)t_n where t₁, t₂, t₃, … t_n are the corresponding time of each eon. Time is not the only one of its kind; each eon does have its own particular time.

The ensemble of positive (frequency) aeons:

F⁺ = Et₁ + Et₁t₂ + Et₁t₂t₃+ ….. Et₁t₂t₃ ... t_n

As those multiverses have their own speed of [multidimensional] light c₁, c₂, c₃ ….c_n, then we may express t_{1 =} i µ₁ c₁t₁, t₂ = j µ₂ c₁t₁, t₃ = k, … µ₃ c₁t₁… t_n = w µ_nc₁t_1,

where µ_p = c_p / c₁ , the relative speed of the higher-dimensional light, in which

p = 1,2…….n, and  i,j,k…..w are imaginary numbers.

For the sake of simplicity we just write c₁ as c and t₁ as t:

F⁺ = iµ₁cEt + ij (µ₁µ₂) cEt² + ijk (µ₁µ₂µ₃) cEt³+ …..ijk..w (µ₁µ₂µ ₃ … µ_n) cEtⁿ

F⁺ = a₁ Et + a₂ Et² + a₃ Et³+ …..a_nEtⁿ

_where a_{1 =} iµ₁c_, a₂ = ij (µ₁µ₂) c_, a₃ = ijk (µ₁µ₂µ₃) c_, a_n = ijk..w (µ₁µ₂µ ₃ … µ_n) c

Similarly the ensemble of negative (frequency) aeons:

F^- = a _-1 Et^-1 + a _-2Et^-2 + a _-3Et^-3+ …..a_-n Et^-n

The totality of aeons within the grand cosmos ^g):

F = F^- + E+ F⁺

which is nothing but the formulation of Laurent series which can be holomorphically mapped as Riemann sphere with its respective annulus of convergence.

This Riemann sphere represents the reality faithfully. Its annulus of convergence indicates that nature abhors the singularity and infinity. The Big Bang and the black hole theories which heavily rely on the possible existence of such singularity may be unphysical. Likewise, the universe is forbidden to expand forever to infinity. At certai point in the future as the world becomes extremely unstable, it would be broken apart … the doomsday.

Postulate 8:  The spontaneous spacetime symmetry breaking takes place successively from the eon of highest potency to that of the lowest one.

Within the grand cosmos' realm, there exists a spectrum of eons of different degrees of potencies associated with spacetimes of different dimensions. Each of those eons bears duality which eventually makes it split itself into its opposite, the positive and negative parts. The split up of the eon together with its related spacetime takes place successively beginning from the highest potency eon to the lowest one ^m). The first split engenders a hypersurface of one dimension lower than its ambient spacetime. This new hypersurface, in turn,  splits in two bringing about in between the second generation of a hypersurface of one dimension lower than the former. This process continues until the last [4-dimensional] spacetime splits in two, generating the familiar 3-dimensional space in between.

The whole grand cosmos, thus, consists of "concentric" quantum worlds, each of which is successively embedded and rotating within the other from the smallest dimensional world to the highest one that nature imposes as a limit. The grand cosmos is like gigantic quantum clockwork in which each rotating wheel perpetually appears and disappears at different rhythms.

Postulate 9: The dimensions of eon determine the capability to store and process information, the degree of consciousness and intelligence contained therein.

The potency which is the capability to generate power is not the only feature of energy. There is another aspect of energy (eon) which hardly anybody is touching namely the capability to store and process the information. The potency and information are two sides of the same coin.

In the process of creation and annihilation of the hypersurface and all, it contains, even though there is a gap of nothingness between the two consecutive appearances of the universe, the order in macroscopic level is rigorously maintained. The form and shape of macroscopic bodies appear to be the same as today and tomorrow and never randomly change to another.

It implies that energy which survives throughout the whole series of creation and annihilation should possess a sort of information that it carries and processes along the course. At the quantum level, energy (eon) performs like small processing units integrated at macroscopic level as a gigantic supercomputer which capable to process the information at the speed of light ⁿ⁾.

The natural capability to store and process the information, in psychic terms, is called awareness. At a higher degree, we may call it consciousness and intelligence. The higher the dimensions of energy are the higher the degree of its consciousness and intelligence will be. The [four-dimensional] energy which is intimately related to matter possesses the lowest degree of awareness. Those related to plant, animal, and human possess higher and higher dimensions, thus, higher capacity and capability in carrying and processing the information.

Plants and animals might evolve for the better, but this evolution cannot pass through the barrier of their own energy dimensionality. There is no missing link between the plant and animal kingdoms and between the latter with that of human, just because there are no links between them. Darwin's evolution theory is correct but within the corridor of the respective kingdom.

The grand cosmos in its entirety possesses by itself the highest degree of consciousness and intelligence.

Notes:

a.  The quanta of action (Et) is more substance-like than just a physical number. Einstein equation of energy E = mc² shows that energy and matter which is real substance, are in equal footing. The quanta of action are frequently coined as quanta of energy. We use them interchangeably.

b. The term eon or eon has been classically used to describe the timeless undifferentiated epoch, the eternity. We use to refer to this eon as a higher form of energy. We use the notion of the eon, ocean of action and ocean of higher energy interchangeably. The energy as we know it in daily life is 3-dimensional, it is superficial, the projection of higher 4-dimensional eon. No wonder for most people energy is somewhat an abstract thing that has no existence apart of its functional relationship to others that do have a physical interpretation. The potential energy and kinetic energy are some of the examples.

c.    Entropy has the direction of the transformation toward high disorder, which is irreversible.

d.    Everything around us, tangible or intangible exists in pair either in reality or potentiality. The eon is no exception. We use the term spontaneous symmetry breaking to illustrate the manifestation of this duality's potentiality into reality. The duality of the eon is indirectly indicated by that of energy, its lower form, implicitly expressed in the relativist energy equation E² = m²c⁴ + p²c².

e. Einstein had thought otherwise: "…The non-divisibility of the four-dimensional continuum of events does not at all, however, involve the equivalence of the space coordinates with the time coordinate. On the contrary, we must remember that the time coordinate is defined physically wholly differently from the space coordinates." Einstein was confused and gave us a faulty circle reasoning ¹.

f.  The hypersurface, hyper-interface, and space are used interchangeably.  When describing higher dimensional one, we use the notation n-hypersurface, n-hyper-interface or n-space, where n indicates the number of its dimensions.

g.    This premise diametrically against the Big Bang theory, which stands for the expanding universe caused by a "big" primeval quantum explosion coming out of nothingness.

h. Such 3-dimensional surface energy is distributed over the area of the hypersurface. Let to itself; surface energy reduces to a minimum in a way analogous to a drop of water which takes up the shape of a sphere, for a sphere has for its volume the smallest area of the surface. In the case of a 3-dimensional hypersurface embedded in between the opposing 4-dimensional eons, the corresponding interfacial tension is intimately correlated to the gravitational constant (G).

i.     It is the reason why we perceive the spatial dimension as real and temporal dimension(s) imaginary.

j.  Within the short life of the hypersurface, the superficial energy can only traverse following the circumference of the circular movement across the thickness (cross-section) of the hypersurface. This circumference (spin) is equal to Planck constant (h), which is equal to 2piħ where 2ħ is the hypersurface cross-section.

k.    Penrose ² referred such condition to Galilean dynamics which he considered as outlandish.

l.     It is commonly known as explicate-implicate orders.

m. After the split, the world (eon)'s temperature becomes lower than before when the eon's opposing parts still mingle together. The lower the dimensions of its related spacetime is, the lower the temperature of the world (eon) will be, reflected by the value of its respective Boltzmann constant, k_B. Each world is, therefore, characterized by the universal constants: c_i, h_i, G_i and k_Bi, where i denotes the indices representing the individual worlds.

n. The appearance and disappearance of matter to and fro energy might function as natural binary digits which are the basis of quantum computation. It opens to a new era of information technology. Some physicists seriously consider the possibility to tap and wangle this quantum processing which will radically change, one way or another, the conventional methods of information processing.

References:

1. Einstein, A.:" The Meaning of Relativity," Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, 1988, p. 31.

2.    Penrose, R.:" The Road to Reality," Vintage Books, London, 2004, p. 387.

The Grand Postulates

Space Thickness

The relativity theory covers the macroscopic aspect of the world conceptualized as a flat or curved hypersurface.  However, hardly anybody is aware that we may incorporate the quantum phenomena into the theory by merely taking into account the hypersurface's thickness, its microscopic scale. We call such a unified theory the Grand Relativity Theory (GrRT).

Any physical object should have a thickness ^a) regardless of its dimensions; otherwise, it would disappear into thin air. Our physical space is no exception. The effect of space thickness, yielding a higher degree of freedom for particles to maneuver, intensifies as we probe to smaller distances approaching the thickness' magnitude (Figure-1).  

This scenery is spectacularly demonstrated by the string theory which, albeit of its imperfectness, can [mathematically] discover the ten-dimensionality of the ambient space. Whether the string theorists can properly portray such higher-dimensional space or not is a different story.

GrRT posits, on the contrary to the classical theory's premise, that the 4-dimensional spacetime doesn't at all represent the real but the primitive world. Inherently, the spacetime is symmetric, static and eternal. As such, all of its dimensions are entirely equivalent.

It is only when the spacetime splits in two ^b) that the dimensions are differentiating themselves into spatial and temporal. Following this spontaneously symmetry breaking, a thin 3-dimensional interface (hypersurface) ^c) is taking place in between the two halves of the split spacetime.

Now, the interfacial tension that holds the interface intact makes the dimensions extending along the hypersurface tenser and more "tangible" than that normal to it. We call the above dimensions spatial while the latter we call temporal. The hyper-interfacial tension which is responsible for this differentiation we recognize as the Gravity Constant.

The fourth [temporal] dimension extending normal to the hypersurface manifests the dynamical aspect of the world. The space thickness measured along this dimension is extremely thin, around 10 ^-33 cm or equivalent to 10 ^-44 second, the minimum thickness that nature allows, below which space and time have no meaning.

Because of its small thickness, the hypersurface is inherently unstable. Such a space barely exists, perpetually appears and disappears which makes the world extremely dynamic.

The size of the space thickness which determines the duration of space's presence we call now. Space and the now are the different aspects of the same thing. We perceive the sequence of space's appearance, presence, and disappearance as the successive transformations of the future into now and the past.

Matters exclusively present at now. They exist only along the thin hypersurface (space), not outside of it, which is nothing but pure energy ^d). The parts of the spacetime on either side of this thin space, we call the future and the past (Figure-2).

The extension of this concept for higher dimensional spacetime is straightforward, except that there come about successive spontaneous symmetry breakings. A hypersurface of one dimension lower than its embedding space, together with its corresponding temporal dimension, is created every time the split occurs.

Within the ten-dimensional ambient spacetime which the string theory reveals, a total of seven successive splits have taken place before our dynamical world comes to the existence. We thus have seven worlds embedded one within another, each with its corresponding temporal dimension.

Multidimensional time is still an alien concept for physicists. Physicists thought that the only vast and extended world existing in nature is that of four-dimensional. They believe that time is unique, the only dimension of its kind. The extra-dimensions, if they exist, should be spatial and curled up into extremely tiny loops.

This premise makes the task of string theorists extremely untenable as there are around 10⁵⁰⁰ possible ways on how the extra-dimensions may curl up. Nobody is crazy enough for not using the Occam’s razor to get rid of such problem and for good.

Notes:

a.   A physical object may have some thicknesses depending on the ambient space dimensions we take into account. Within our 3-dimensional ambient space, a 2-dimensional plane has one thickness, while the 1-dimensional thread has two thicknesses.

b.     The energy which is inherently composed of the opposing components tends to break up into its component, i.e. the positive and negative energies.  When this happens, the spacetime which is nothing but the geometrical manifestation of the [vacuum] energy, splits into two halves creating a hypersurface in between the two.

c.    We use the notation of space, hypersurface, and interface interchangeably. The hypersurface is a straightforward generalization of the concept from the geometry of surfaces embedded in the three-dimensional Euclidean manifolds.

d.    The mainstream physicists portray the 4-dimensional spacetime, dubbed the world, as being filled with matters throughout the full extensions. There are no [microscopic] universal now, matters existing in the past, now and future "have" an equal reality, as such that time travel becomes possible leading to paradoxes and chaos.

Space Thickness

The Crumple of the Spacetime

The General Relativity theory was developed based on the premise that the gravity force is the manifestation of the 4D-spacetime curvature ^a). This physical concept was derived from Riemann’s idea¹ that the force was nothing but a consequence of geometry, thus, banished Newton’s unnatural concept of “action-at-a-distance”.

However, Einstein mindset was to stick with intrinsic geometry in the sense that the spacetime as a system was regarded as having no surroundings or being embedded in nothingness ^b). In fact, when physicists talk about the wrinkle of the [4D-] spacetime they never care about which directions (dimensions) it wrinkles goes.

The strict concept of the geometry dictates otherwise ². The geometry concept of m-metric manifolds (hyperspaces) ^c) is a straightforward generalization of ideas of the study of surfaces embedded in 3D-space. However, it has been proven that in the circumstances in which an m-dimensional curved hypersurface can be embedded in the n-dimensional [Euclidean] ^d) manifold if at least n = ½ m(m + 1).

The crumple of the ordinary 2D-surface, a piece of paper, for example, requires a third dimension (3D-ambient space) for it to occur. But hardly anybody is aware that the crumple of 3D-space requires not only a fourth dimension but at least 3 additional dimensions (6D-ambient spacetime) ^e). Similarly, the crumple of 4D-spacetime would require at least 10D-ambient spacetime for it to occur without constraint in any direction (Figure-1). Does the nothingness have such properties for being able to embed something? What is nothingness anyway?

Nobody should blame Einstein on this negligence. People were just horrified about the idea of 4D-spacetime which had been introduced by Minkowski beforehand, not mention the 10D-spacetime. Had Einstein been aware of this higher dimensional surrounding requirement he would probably still prefer to take the surrounding as nothingness rather than 10D-ambient spacetime.

A more recent theory such as that of superstring requires 10D-ambient spacetime ^f) for its equations to be solvable.  Alas, being uncomfortable with such bizarre vast extension ^g) of the ambient spacetime, physicists blow down ^h) the majestic surroundings assuming the extra dimensions being curled leaving the ordinary 4 dimensions to remain intact.

Even after the superstring theory was established, Big Bang theory as the cosmological application of the General Relativity theory maintains its premise on the nothingness instead of 10D-ambient spacetime taken as the surrounding of the expanding 4D-spacetime. As such, Big Bang theory misses a bigger part of the “stage” that in no way it can explain the substantial missing dark matter and dark energy.

Having many defects in its premise Big Bang theory would eventually fall short except it takes among other the 10D-ambient spacetime as the surrounding of the universe (4D-spacetime) instead of nothingness.

Notes:

a)    Arthur Eddington expedition carried out to South Africa during the solar eclipse in 1919 verified the shifting of the position of a star within the field near the sun, thus, proving Einstein's general relativity prediction of the bending of light around a massive object.

b)   There is a vague definition of absolute nothingness or emptiness but we may guess that what most physicists mean by it is a sort of extension (spacetime) with an indefinite number of dimensions [zero or infinite dimensions?] having neither matter nor energy.

c)     The notation of n-spacetime is equivalent to n-hyperspace or n-hypersurface.

d)     This is the reason why the laws of nature look simpler in higher dimensions. If the dimensions of the surrounding spacetime are high enough then we might have a flat (Euclidean) surrounding where the physical laws become simpler.

e)    We may speculate that the existence of three generations of particles is the manifestation of 4D, 5D and 6D-particles abiding in the respective 4D, 5D and 6D-spacetime. The manifestation of the last two generations into our world could be only the cross-section of their whole body.

f)   The string theory accidentally derived the 10 dimensions mathematical requirement from Beta function originally dedicated to solving the strong force quest. The coincidence with the 10 dimensions geometrical requirement of the ambient spacetime embedding the 4D-spacetime is stupendous.

g)     Since they are not visible, the string theorists regard the extra-dimensions as spatial and being curled into tiny loops.

h)   Physicists assume that the 10D-ambient spacetime splits into a 4D-spacetime and a tiny curly 6D-metric manifold. This premise doesn't absolutely make sense just like the impossibility of splitting a 3D-cube into one 2D-plane and one 1D-line. The proper way to do it is successively splitting the 10D in two creating 9D as their interface and so forth down to 4D which we get as the interface of the two halves of the 5D split. We would, then, have a total of 7 spacetimes embedding each other in descending order of their dimensions.

The Crumple of the Spacetime

Why the Grand Relativity Theory? (Part IV)

Our world is only shadows, mere projections from the reality beyond our ordinary space and time. Despite its apparent materiality and enormous size, the [3D]-space and its contents do not exist of itself. With its material contents, space perpetually appears and disappears at the rate equal to the speed of light, creating a dynamic dimension that we call time.

The world around us seems to persist because nobody can see the discontinuity of time, which interval is in the order of 10^-44 seconds. What we recognize as the passage of time is nothing but the manifestation of the creation and annihilation of series of 10⁴⁴ 3D-space in a second ^a). Space is a series of spaces, one to the next, separated by a gap of nonexistence.

Within such a gap of nonexistence ^b), the locality no longer has any meaning. It manifests the undivided wholeness in which all become united and entangled. At such non-locality, the speed limit does not have any sense as no matter, and even light exists, only energy does.  

The nonexistence is far from being a vacuum state. It is a plenum full of energy, the ground for all existence, inanimate and animate beings. The matter is merely an ephemeral derivative of energy perpetually created and annihilated under the interaction of the opposite positive and negative energy ^c).

The sequence locality and non-locality (Figure-1) taking place in a series at the rate equal to the speed of light fashions the passage of time. As the quantum measurement can only take the snapshot of the existence and not the whole series of the existence-nonexistence, it gives us perception as though the act of measurement collapses the wavefunction ^d).

The successive transformation of the local and nonlocal orders is, therefore, not in point-to-point correspondence. It is the underlying probabilistic feature of quantum mechanics against the classical deterministic mechanism.

In a grander picture of the cosmos, this dynamic, temporary space is like a front-wave propagating at the speed of light across an unimaginably vast ocean of high energy (Figure-2). This front-wave perpetually rises and dissipates above and below the level of the surface of the sea.

In Bohm’s notion, this dynamic phenomenon is called the unfoldment of the implicate order and enfoldment of the explicate order ^e), like what implies in the hologram ^f). According to Bohm ¹, the universe is like a kind of sizeable dynamic hologram or holo-movement.

It is only at this wave structure (unfolded order) that every materialized thing is localized. In this front-wave, the universe where we live, the local order implies. It is what we call the present time, its surrounding surface, and the vast ocean beneath it, is nonlocal (enfolded order) ^g).

                                  

This super-implicate order is the foundation that has given birth to everything in our universe. This infinite sea of energy must contain every configuration of created matter, energy, and more sophisticated forms of energy, i.e., information (knowledge), consciousness, intelligence, and life ^h). We may visualize those as multilayer grand cosmos, each layer representing an individual universe is embedded one within another, in successively higher and higher dimensions (Figure-3) ⁱ⁾.

What the fantastic thing is that the working of the universe seems to conform to that of the human brain. Karl Pribram ^2, a neurophysiologist at Stanford University, discovered the brain works under the hologram mechanism ^j). He concluded that if the brain works following the holographic model, then so does the universe.

The world around us was just an illusion. The universe and everything within existing only in a series of a fraction of seconds successively separated by gaps of nonexistence. Notwithstanding, as both the brain and cosmos work at the same mechanism and rhythm, we the human being feel at home as we are unaware of experiencing such weird underlying reality.

This grand relativity theory is the theory of everything in its proper meaning.

[The end of the series]

Notes: 

a. There is no such [material] thing that persists in nature. Everything "within" space perpetually appears and disappears "through" time, except the energy which alone continues. The persistence of matter and space is just an illusion.

b.  In the state of nonexistence, everything dissolves into energy. As such, space and time have no meaning; the nonlocal order implies.

c.  Energy as everything else in nature is the blending of its opposing parts, the positive and negative energies as implicitly expressed in the relativistic energy equation E²=m²c⁴+p²c². The 4D-spacetime is split into two sections as the positive and negative energies globally segregating from each other. The interface of opposing energies is the 3D-hypersurface (3D-space) on which their interactions create particles. This interaction occurs as the quantum fields generated by the opposite energies piercing through the interface igniting quantum sparks ("quarks") we perceive as particles.

d.    The wavefunction describes the gross sum of the manifestation of local-nonlocal orders mathematically. All the laws of motion in quantum mechanics correspond to enfoldment and unfoldment. Bohm put forward that the propagator (Green's function) determines the relation between the wavefunction at one time and its form at another time.

e.  Our current concepts of order, which have lasted for centuries, are based on Descartes's ideas, who introduced coordinate systems to describe the order in the physical process. The Cartesian grid and those of curvilinear coordinates essentially described a local order of separate points. However, the quantum realm doesn't take this kind of local order and seems to have no significant order which Bohm called implicit or enfolded order. This kind of nonlocal order is what hologram does have.

f.  The enfolded order which applies within such a nonlocal unbroken wholeness is what David Bohm called the implicate order, taking the analogy of the "order" produced in a hologram where each of its regions makes possible an image of the whole object. Rather than being in point-to-point correspondence, the entire object is enfolded in each part of the universe. Our classical notions of localized order imply in spacetime arise as limiting cases of the deeper implicate order. The manifest level of everyday experience and the quantum level underlying it emerges from a still deeper implicate level in which the classical Cartesian notions of form, order, and structure have more or less dissolved. Bohm believed that the implicate order would be more suitable for expressing the fundamental laws of nature than the explicate order, which is only a particular case of the general rule.

g.  Bohm described the universe as a comparatively small pattern of excitation. It is a ripple on the infinite ocean of energy, which is a deeper order enfolded in the warp of reality. Bohm failed to elucidate his idea more explicitly by describing geometrically i.e., the relative number of dimensions of the ripple vis-a-vis that of the ocean of energy. People blame his description of the universe in terms of implicate and explicate order to be merely a metaphor.

h. We may call all of the later (information, consciousness, intelligence, and life) energy but in different degrees of sophistication (dimensions). Nothingness in the sense of an absolute term in which it is devoid of matter and energy or anything else, emptiness, vacuum, absolute nonexistence, or whatever you call it is just pure human imagination.

i.  The dimensions shown in the figure are relative. We should bear in mind that each of those individuals (energy, information, consciousness, intelligence, and life) may have different levels of existence and, those, the variety of their dimensions.

j.   He found that memories do not localize at specific brain side but somehow spread out throughout the brain. Every part of the brain contains all the information necessary to recall a whole memory, just like the hologram of which every small fragment of a piece of holographic film contains all the information recorded on the whole.

References: 

1.     Bohm, D. et al.: "The Undivided Universe," Routledge, London, 1993, p. 374-380. 

2.     Talbot, M.: "The Holographic Universe," HarperPerennial, New York, 1992, p. 46-49

3.      Bohm, D. et al.: "The Undivided Universe," Routledge, London, 1993, p. 350-355.

Why the Grand Relativity Theory? (Part IV)

Why the Grand Relativity Theory? (Part III)

One of the significant physicists' misconceptions about nature is the uniqueness of time. When physicists encounter higher-multidimensional surroundings in their theory, they instinctively assign the extra-dimensions (beyond the ordinary four) as spatial. This premise, regarding the inequality of space and time footing, is evidence against the relativity principle.

The string theory, which had its origins in experimentally observed features of the strong force, requires the existence of six compactified extra spatial dimensions (a) and the four known spacetime dimensions. This presumption leads the theory to grave difficulties as it should deal with myriad different kinds of Callabi-Yau tiny manifolds or other similar bizarre things.

On the other hand, the grand relativity theory holds that the extra dimensions are temporal; thus, circumventing such complexities. Therefore, we may regard a system such as our world consisting of a 3D-space (hypersurface) embedded in 10D-manifold in which all extra dimensions are temporal ^b). Under the grand relativity theory, we have every right to transform it into, for instance, 9D-hypersurface embedding in the same 10D-manifold, by turning some of the temporal dimensions into spatial (Figure-1). The latter is exceedingly simpler than the former in terms of mathematical formulations, and yet it gives us the same solutions.

The grand relativity theory requires any physical objects or hypersurfaces having thicknesses, the number of which depends on the number of dimensions of the embedding manifold ^d) (Figure-2). However, physicists obliged to do a similar way by incorporating such forgotten thickness into their model called supersymmetry generators ^e).

In Brane theory, physicists assign some space and time's dimensions on and along its surface while off of it spatial. They certainly make a significant confusion as to the brane, like hypersurface embedding in a higher dimensional spacetime, should have solely spatial dimensions on and along its surface and temporal dimension[s] off of it.

The hypersurface or brane is the loci of things that co-occur if not at lower temporal dimensions it would certainly so at higher temporal dimension (Figure-3). 

The hypersurface or brane is the loci of things that co-occur if not at lower temporal dimensions it would certainly so at higher temporal dimension (Figure-3). 

The hypersurface tends to flatten out as it has higher dimensions. But how high should they be? Mathematically, a spacetime may embed an n-dimensional hypersurface properly only if the former has at least ½ n(n+1) dimensions. Our 4D-world, for example, requires a sufficient ample ambient space i.e., 10D-manifold, for having a complete degree of freedoms without being constrained at whatever directions.

It turns out that some theories, such as Supergravity, require an embedding spacetime of even higher dimensions. The Supergravity demands an eleven-dimensional ^f) embedding spacetime, but still, nobody can fully renormalize the Supergravity.

Notes:

a.  Physicists are assumed to be curled up into tiny loops as nobody ever directly experiences them.

b.   It can be expressed mathematically as Octonion, a Hypercomplex consisting of one real and seven imaginary variables. The real part is the spatial variables' function, while the seven imaginary parts represent seven different temporal dimensions.

c.  No real particle smaller than the hypersurface's thickness, except virtual particles perpetually emerge and submerge across the depth. This thickness size, which becomes the minimum size of the real particle is what physicists call hierarchy problem.

d.  Analogically under 3D-ambient space, a point has three thicknesses, string two thicknesses (cross-section), and plane one thickness. Otherwise, they would be evaporating into thin air.

e. Mathematically physicists may express such a framework in terms of Superalgebra equation whose ordinary and super parts are sometimes called body and soul, respectively ¹. It is equivalent to Octonion Hypercomplex with its real and imaginary parts. Amazingly, this is a proper way to describe a subtle structure such as [higher dimensional] soul embedding a body, contrary to what most people think the soul is inside the body.

f.  It is a sort of pseudo dimension representing the tip of the 11+ "iceberg" dimensions. The ancients (among other Empedocles: 490-430 BC) described the realms consisting of earth, water, air, and fire analogous to a changing phase from ice, water, vapor, and steam.  We may interpret that earth representing energy/material stable things in 3D-space, water representing energy in 4D - 10D-spacetimes, the air in 11D - 55D-spacetimes and fire in 56D - 1540D-spacetimes, the dimension ranges of which are speculated under the ½ n(n+1) rule, if we may do so. This metaphor shows us that the energy associated with particular spacetime is hotter as the spacetime dimensions become higher. The reality beyond those dimensions is far from our wildest imagination and concern.

Why the Grand Relativity Theory? (Part III)

Why the Grand Relativity Theory? (Part II)

As the dimensions of a drop of water to its water substance, the dimensions of spacetime are the geometrical manifestation of a particular cosmic energy.  Our world, together with its multidimensional surroundings (grand cosmos), comes into existence as the natural manifestation of a broad spectrum of different cosmic energies ^a). 

How these multidimensional worlds come into being? It begins with the separation of positive and negative energy in the highest-dimensional world. This separation creates a hypersurface (space) of one lower dimension between the two opposite energies. The newly created hypersurface, in turn, splits in two, and so forth. Thus, the separation happens successively, creating many hypersurfaces (spaces) embedding one after another in descending order of their dimensions. 

The energy segregation in each world, however, doesn't happen instantaneously. The area of the hypersurface formed in between the two opposite energies broadens up gradually from a specific minimum size to what the current magnitude is (Figure-1). It is the underlying reality that makes our universe expanding ^b). 

This kind of phenomenon also explains why our world is flat ^c).  As such, we don’t require buying the concept of inflationary phase happened in the early life of the universe (at around 10^-35 to 10^-30 second after Big Bang) whose inflation rate is far exceeding the speed of light. Besides, the existence of energies at the surroundings of our universe (hypersurface) may explain the possible source of dark energy we miss so dearly.

The advantage of using hypersurface over the hyperspace is clear. With the former, we can easily describe objects such as fields propagating on its surface (classical fields) as well as those off its surface traversing through its thickness ^d) (quantum fields)^, as depicted in Figure-2. 

The interaction of the opposite energies generates those quantum fields which propagate across through the hypersurface. As the quantum fields hit the hypersurface's surface, they ignite quantum sparks ("quarks"), which we recognize as fundamental particles. These sparks (particles) together with the hypersurface (space) which they abode ^e) perpetually appear and disappear at the rate equal to the speed of light ^f). 

The two interacting opposite energies move at the different directions forcing the normal axis of the hypersurface to rotate around the grand perimeter of the spacetime at the speed of light ^g). This dynamic grand rotation creates what we perceive as time (Figure-3). 

The combination of these two phenomena makes our physical space, together with all matters it contains, disappears completely as one moment passes, and reappear as a completely different space as the next moment arrives ^h). Most physicists overlook this underlying reality, which reflects both the relativity and quantum realms.

The interactions of the opposite energies also make the hypersurface rotate around its normal axis. It rotates, in turn, all objects it contains from super-galaxies, galaxies, solar systems, planets down to atomic and subatomic realms.

Notes:

a. The ensemble of such grand cosmos can be mathematically expressed in the form of the Laurent series or depicted as the Riemann sphere.

b. As shown by Riemann's annulus of convergence, the world can evolve only from a specific minimum size. It starts to get its stable form and expands to its maximum magnitude, beyond which it becomes precarious and tears apart into pieces doomsday. As nature abhors the singularity, do we need the Big Bang cosmology and black hole postulate?

c.  It is flat but locally curved and undulates due to the gravitation effect exerted by local concentrations of energy and mass.

d.  In the order of Planck distance i.e., 10^-33 cm or equivalent 10^-44 second, below which the hypersurface would disappear into thin air. Assuming a zero thickness of such hypersurface would lead us to many annoyance problems of infinity.

e. The separation of energy never creates a stable hypersurface between the two halves. Mathematically, in quantum mechanics, the square roots of the relativistic energy formula, E² = m²c⁴ + p²c², do not give a neat separation of its positive and negative roots. It means that physically, the split of the positive and negative energy never creates a stable interface (hypersurface) between them. It is ephemeral in the sense that it appears and disappears perpetually.

f.  It is just like sparks appear and disappear on the surface of large TV or computer screen. Amazingly, the display also appears and goes together with the flashes.

g. The energies’ movement as the result of their mutual interaction also makes the hypersurface rotate around its lateral axis resulting in a hyper-helical type of rotation. In a higher-dimensional ambient space, we can depict this hypersurface movement as a 3D-front wave propagating across the 4D-surface of a grand 5D-ocean.

h.  Heraclitus (500 BC) said that the world is in flux. We can never step into the same river twice. He also stated that the world was like a gigantic flame. At any instant, the fire we see is entirely different from the flame we saw just a moment ago. Everything in the world is always changing and yet is still exclusively itself.

Why the Grand Relativity Theory? (Part II)

Why the Grand Relativity Theory?

Our universe, as a system, has multidimensional surroundings. We could imagine it as concentric worlds consisting of 3D [ephemeral] material world at the innermost embedded successively by the infinite number of surrounding [energetic] realms having higher and higher dimensions. The grand relativity theory prevails in all of those worlds except absolute (unlimited dimensional "world").

The grand relativity theory holds that the energy conservation law prevails throughout all those relative worlds. As our 3D-world contains energy, any higher world embedding ours should also contain energy. The concept of nothingness in the sense of "something" devoid of energy is a mere human imagination ^a). The biggest blunder that scientists had ever made was their speculation about something created out of nothing (creatio ex nihilo). The Big Bang is one of such misleading popular products.

What most people mean by the creation is, in fact, the split of something preexisting—an example from the empirical reality of the rubbing of a glass rod with a piece of silk. The two kinds of electrification i.e., the positive charge found on the glass rod and an equal negative charge found on the silk, are not created by friction but are only separated.

This kind of split mechanism is what happened in the grand formations of those relative multidimensional worlds. As the energy of a particular world, say nD-world, splits into its positive and negative parts ^b), an (n-1)D-hypersurface ^c) is formed between the two. This kind of splits (spontaneous symmetry breaking) happened successively from the highest dimensional world to the lowest.

At the lowest level, where the split of 4D-world creates a 3D-hypersurface (our 3D-space), at this particular place, the 4D-energy transformed into 3D-matter ^d). Without such separation, the 4D-world would still have undistinguishable dimensions. In such a world, there could be neither present, past nor the future. It is only after the split that space and time are taking place ^e).

Mainstream physicists have wrongly taken such a world (unsplit spacetime), as representing the real world. No wonder Einstein was uncomfortable as the experience of the Now was beyond the reach of the realm of science. Had he known the cause of the problem, he would reconcile his relativity theory with that of quantum.

Without split, there would be neither space nor matter ^f). Matter can only be created and presents in the 3D-hypersurface, not throughout the whole spacetime. The gravity constant (G), one of the fundamental constants in nature, is a sort of hypersurface‘s "interfacial tension." Therefore, the gravity is acting only across the hypersurface, not out of it as what the brane theory postulates.

Physicists were perplexed when the superstring theory demands the multidimensionality of spacetime. They postulated that the extra-dimensions are curly as they refuted the existence of vast and extended multidimensional worlds beyond our conventional 4D-world. They don't want to believe that such extra-dimensions could be temporal as it would lead them to an extremely complicated situation. Nature, alas, has nothing to do with what physicists presume.

The grand relativity theory, however, is coming to secure the problem. It holds that the relativity of the space and time prevails in all of those worlds. The law of physics is invariant under the transformation of space and time no matter how many dimensions a particular world possesses ^g).

Notes:

a)    The multidimensionality of those worlds is nothing but the geometrical manifestation of a spectrum of energies having a different number of dimensions. This gigantic spectrum of cosmic energies is like a spectrum of lights having different frequencies, forming a colorless white light when in a mixture.

b) The symmetry is not a mere aesthetic aspect of nature but a derivative of the conservation law.  The opposite pairing of every existence in nature is one of its logical consequences. The energy is no exception; it inherently consists of positive and negative energy as the relative energy equation E² = m²c⁴ + p²c² indicates. Surprisingly, most physicists are against such a premise.

c)     In the superstring theory, such a hypersurface is called brane, which could have many dimensions.  Biblical Genesis calls it firmament (raqia in Hebrew) embedded between water above and water below. The term of water in this biblical account, undoubtedly referred to as energy. We should notice, however, that in the real world, no surface (including higher-dimensional hypersurface) configuration has a zero thickness (mathematical surface), which most physicists use in their theory. This oversight leads physicists to many annoyance infinity problems. The minimum thickness that nature allows is 10^-33 cm, the Planck distance, below which space and time have no meaning. It is where the quantum phenomenon mingles with the relativity world.

d) Following the energy equation, E=mc². The interactions between the positive and negative energy across through the hypersurface make such transformation appears as reversible. Matters and the hypersurface they abode are created and annihilated back and forth into energy at the rate equal to the speed of light. This weird phenomenon perpetually occurs at such a short time, and distance makes people perplex when they stumble upon the quantum realm.

e)   Space is the [4D]-time smallest unit, just like a point as the smallest part of a line or a surface as a small part of the space.

f)     There was yet no space where matter could exist, and no time where the dynamic action might occur. It was only after the split of such a chaotic world that the order established. Such as the basic principle of most of the ancient creation of mythology around the globe.

g)   For example, a system consisting of 3D-space embedded in 10D-world has the same physical law as that of 9D-space embedded in the same 10D-world. The latter world model represents better than the former as it is more uncomplicated and more comfortable to be resolved.

Why the Grand Relativity Theory?